Add Recharts charts to Monthly Summary and Annual Overview

Monthly Summary:
- Spending breakdown donut (bills / variable / one-time)
- Variable spending by category bar chart
- Added actuals.by_category to /api/summary/monthly response

Annual Overview:
- Income vs. spending grouped bar chart
- Surplus/deficit bar chart (green/red per month)
- Stacked variable spending by category across all months
- New /api/summary/annual endpoint (single DB round trip for full year)
- AnnualOverview now uses /api/summary/annual instead of 12 parallel calls

Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>

client/package-lock.json

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+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=18"
+      },
+      "peerDependencies": {
+        "react": "^16.8.0 || ^17.0.0 || ^18.0.0 || ^19.0.0",
+        "react-dom": "^16.0.0 || ^17.0.0 || ^18.0.0 || ^19.0.0",
+        "react-is": "^16.8.0 || ^17.0.0 || ^18.0.0 || ^19.0.0"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/redux": {
+      "version": "5.0.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/redux/-/redux-5.0.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-M9/ELqF6fy8FwmkpnF0S3YKOqMyoWJ4+CS5Efg2ct3oY9daQvd/Pc71FpGZsVsbl3Cpb+IIcjBDUnnyBdQbq4w==",
+      "license": "MIT"
+    },
+    "node_modules/redux-thunk": {
+      "version": "3.1.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/redux-thunk/-/redux-thunk-3.1.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-NW2r5T6ksUKXCabzhL9z+h206HQw/NJkcLm1GPImRQ8IzfXwRGqjVhKJGauHirT0DAuyy6hjdnMZaRoAcy0Klw==",
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "peerDependencies": {
+        "redux": "^5.0.0"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/reselect": {
+      "version": "5.1.1",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/reselect/-/reselect-5.1.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-K/BG6eIky/SBpzfHZv/dd+9JBFiS4SWV7FIujVyJRux6e45+73RaUHXLmIR1f7WOMaQ0U1km6qwklRQxpJJY0w==",
+      "license": "MIT"
+    },
     "node_modules/rollup": {
       "version": "4.59.0",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/rollup/-/rollup-4.59.0.tgz",
@@ -1617,6 +1987,12 @@
         "node": ">=0.10.0"
       }
     },
+    "node_modules/tiny-invariant": {
+      "version": "1.3.3",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/tiny-invariant/-/tiny-invariant-1.3.3.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-+FbBPE1o9QAYvviau/qC5SE3caw21q3xkvWKBtja5vgqOWIHHJ3ioaq1VPfn/Szqctz2bU/oYeKd9/z5BL+PVg==",
+      "license": "MIT"
+    },
     "node_modules/update-browserslist-db": {
       "version": "1.2.3",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/update-browserslist-db/-/update-browserslist-db-1.2.3.tgz",
@@ -1648,6 +2024,37 @@
         "browserslist": ">= 4.21.0"
       }
     },
+    "node_modules/use-sync-external-store": {
+      "version": "1.6.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/use-sync-external-store/-/use-sync-external-store-1.6.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-Pp6GSwGP/NrPIrxVFAIkOQeyw8lFenOHijQWkUTrDvrF4ALqylP2C/KCkeS9dpUM3KvYRQhna5vt7IL95+ZQ9w==",
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "peerDependencies": {
+        "react": "^16.8.0 || ^17.0.0 || ^18.0.0 || ^19.0.0"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/victory-vendor": {
+      "version": "37.3.6",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/victory-vendor/-/victory-vendor-37.3.6.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-SbPDPdDBYp+5MJHhBCAyI7wKM3d5ivekigc2Dk2s7pgbZ9wIgIBYGVw4zGHBml/qTFbexrofXW6Gu4noGxrOwQ==",
+      "license": "MIT AND ISC",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "@types/d3-array": "^3.0.3",
+        "@types/d3-ease": "^3.0.0",
+        "@types/d3-interpolate": "^3.0.1",
+        "@types/d3-scale": "^4.0.2",
+        "@types/d3-shape": "^3.1.0",
+        "@types/d3-time": "^3.0.0",
+        "@types/d3-timer": "^3.0.0",
+        "d3-array": "^3.1.6",
+        "d3-ease": "^3.0.1",
+        "d3-interpolate": "^3.0.1",
+        "d3-scale": "^4.0.2",
+        "d3-shape": "^3.1.0",
+        "d3-time": "^3.0.0",
+        "d3-timer": "^3.0.1"
+      }
+    },
     "node_modules/vite": {
       "version": "5.4.21",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/vite/-/vite-5.4.21.tgz",

client/package.json

@@ -9,7 +9,8 @@
   "dependencies": {
     "react": "^18.3.1",
     "react-dom": "^18.3.1",
-    "react-router-dom": "^6.23.1"
+    "react-router-dom": "^6.23.1",
+    "recharts": "^3.8.0"
   },
   "devDependencies": {
     "@vitejs/plugin-react": "^4.3.0",

client/src/pages/AnnualOverview.jsx

@@ -1,10 +1,18 @@
 import { useState, useEffect } from 'react';
+import {
+  BarChart, Bar, XAxis, YAxis, CartesianGrid, Tooltip, Legend,
+  Cell, ResponsiveContainer, ReferenceLine,
+} from 'recharts';
 
 const MONTH_NAMES = [
   'January', 'February', 'March', 'April', 'May', 'June',
   'July', 'August', 'September', 'October', 'November', 'December',
 ];
 
+const MONTH_SHORT = ['Jan', 'Feb', 'Mar', 'Apr', 'May', 'Jun', 'Jul', 'Aug', 'Sep', 'Oct', 'Nov', 'Dec'];
+
+const PALETTE = ['#3b82f6', '#8b5cf6', '#ec4899', '#f97316', '#22c55e', '#14b8a6', '#eab308', '#64748b'];
+
 function fmt(value) {
   if (value == null) return '—';
   const num = Number(value);
@@ -13,6 +21,14 @@ function fmt(value) {
   return num < 0 ? `-$${abs}` : `$${abs}`;
 }
 
+function formatCurrencyShort(value) {
+  if (value == null || isNaN(value)) return '';
+  const abs = Math.abs(value);
+  const sign = value < 0 ? '-' : '';
+  if (abs >= 1000) return `${sign}$${(abs / 1000).toFixed(1)}k`;
+  return `${sign}$${abs.toFixed(0)}`;
+}
+
 function surplusClass(value) {
   if (value == null || isNaN(Number(value))) return '';
   return Number(value) >= 0 ? 'text-success' : 'text-danger';
@@ -25,10 +41,98 @@ function sumField(rows, field) {
   }, 0);
 }
 
+// Income vs Spending grouped bar chart
+function IncomeVsSpendingChart({ months }) {
+  const data = MONTH_SHORT.map((label, i) => {
+    const m = months.find(r => r.month === i + 1);
+    return {
+      month: label,
+      Income: m ? m.income_net : 0,
+      Spending: m ? m.total_spending : 0,
+    };
+  });
+
+  return (
+    <ResponsiveContainer width="100%" height={260}>
+      <BarChart data={data} margin={{ top: 4, right: 8, left: 8, bottom: 4 }}>
+        <CartesianGrid strokeDasharray="3 3" stroke="var(--border)" />
+        <XAxis dataKey="month" tick={{ fontSize: 11, fill: 'var(--text-muted)' }} />
+        <YAxis tickFormatter={formatCurrencyShort} tick={{ fontSize: 11, fill: 'var(--text-muted)' }} />
+        <Tooltip formatter={(val) => fmt(val)} />
+        <Legend wrapperStyle={{ fontSize: 12 }} />
+        <Bar dataKey="Income" fill="#22c55e" radius={[3, 3, 0, 0]} />
+        <Bar dataKey="Spending" fill="#3b82f6" radius={[3, 3, 0, 0]} />
+      </BarChart>
+    </ResponsiveContainer>
+  );
+}
+
+// Surplus / Deficit bar chart — green positive, red negative
+function SurplusChart({ months }) {
+  const data = MONTH_SHORT.map((label, i) => {
+    const m = months.find(r => r.month === i + 1);
+    return { month: label, value: m ? m.surplus_deficit : null };
+  });
+
+  return (
+    <ResponsiveContainer width="100%" height={260}>
+      <BarChart data={data} margin={{ top: 4, right: 8, left: 8, bottom: 4 }}>
+        <CartesianGrid strokeDasharray="3 3" stroke="var(--border)" />
+        <XAxis dataKey="month" tick={{ fontSize: 11, fill: 'var(--text-muted)' }} />
+        <YAxis tickFormatter={formatCurrencyShort} tick={{ fontSize: 11, fill: 'var(--text-muted)' }} />
+        <Tooltip formatter={(val) => fmt(val)} label="Surplus / Deficit" />
+        <ReferenceLine y={0} stroke="var(--border-strong)" />
+        <Bar dataKey="value" name="Surplus / Deficit" radius={[3, 3, 0, 0]}>
+          {data.map((entry, i) => (
+            <Cell
+              key={i}
+              fill={entry.value == null ? 'var(--border)' : entry.value >= 0 ? '#22c55e' : '#ef4444'}
+            />
+          ))}
+        </Bar>
+      </BarChart>
+    </ResponsiveContainer>
+  );
+}
+
+// Stacked bar chart — variable spending by category across months
+function StackedCategoryChart({ months, categories }) {
+  if (!categories || categories.length === 0) {
+    return <p className="empty-state">No variable spending data</p>;
+  }
+
+  const data = MONTH_SHORT.map((label, i) => {
+    const m = months.find(r => r.month === i + 1);
+    const entry = { month: label };
+    if (m) {
+      for (const cat of m.variable_by_category) {
+        entry[cat.category] = cat.total;
+      }
+    }
+    return entry;
+  });
+
+  return (
+    <ResponsiveContainer width="100%" height={260}>
+      <BarChart data={data} margin={{ top: 4, right: 8, left: 8, bottom: 4 }}>
+        <CartesianGrid strokeDasharray="3 3" stroke="var(--border)" />
+        <XAxis dataKey="month" tick={{ fontSize: 11, fill: 'var(--text-muted)' }} />
+        <YAxis tickFormatter={formatCurrencyShort} tick={{ fontSize: 11, fill: 'var(--text-muted)' }} />
+        <Tooltip formatter={(val) => fmt(val)} />
+        <Legend wrapperStyle={{ fontSize: 12 }} />
+        {categories.map((cat, i) => (
+          <Bar key={cat} dataKey={cat} stackId="a" fill={PALETTE[i % PALETTE.length]}
+            radius={i === categories.length - 1 ? [3, 3, 0, 0] : [0, 0, 0, 0]} />
+        ))}
+      </BarChart>
+    </ResponsiveContainer>
+  );
+}
+
 export default function AnnualOverview() {
   const currentYear = new Date().getFullYear();
   const [year, setYear] = useState(currentYear);
-  const [monthData, setMonthData] = useState(Array(12).fill(null));
+  const [annualData, setAnnualData] = useState(null);
   const [loading, setLoading] = useState(false);
   const [error, setError] = useState(null);
 
@@ -36,42 +140,35 @@ export default function AnnualOverview() {
     let cancelled = false;
     setLoading(true);
     setError(null);
+    setAnnualData(null);
 
-    function normalize(data) {
+    fetch(`/api/summary/annual?year=${year}`)
-      if (!data) return null;
+      .then(r => {
-      return {
+        if (!r.ok) throw new Error(`Server error: ${r.status}`);
-        total_income: data.income?.net ?? 0,
+        return r.json();
-        total_bills: data.bills?.planned ?? 0,
+      })
-        total_variable: data.actuals?.total ?? 0,
+      .then(data => { if (!cancelled) { setAnnualData(data); setLoading(false); } })
-        total_one_time: data.one_time_expenses?.total ?? 0,
+      .catch(err => { if (!cancelled) { setError(err.message); setLoading(false); } });
-        total_spending: data.summary?.total_spending ?? 0,
-        surplus_deficit: data.summary?.surplus_deficit ?? 0,
-      };
-    }
-
-    Promise.all(
-      Array.from({ length: 12 }, (_, i) =>
-        fetch(`/api/summary/monthly?year=${year}&month=${i + 1}`)
-          .then(r => r.ok ? r.json().then(normalize) : null)
-          .catch(() => null)
-      )
-    ).then(results => {
-      if (!cancelled) { setMonthData(results); setLoading(false); }
-    }).catch(err => {
-      if (!cancelled) { setError(err.message || 'Failed to load data'); setLoading(false); }
-    });
 
     return () => { cancelled = true; };
   }, [year]);
 
-  const hasData = monthData.some(row => row != null);
+  const months = annualData?.months ?? [];
+  const categories = annualData?.categories ?? [];
+  const hasData = months.length > 0;
 
-  const annualIncome   = sumField(monthData, 'total_income');
+  const annualIncome   = sumField(months, 'income_net');
-  const annualBills    = sumField(monthData, 'total_bills');
+  const annualBills    = sumField(months, 'total_bills');
-  const annualVariable = sumField(monthData, 'total_variable');
+  const annualVariable = sumField(months, 'total_variable');
-  const annualOneTime  = sumField(monthData, 'total_one_time');
+  const annualOneTime  = sumField(months, 'total_one_time');
-  const annualSpending = sumField(monthData, 'total_spending');
+  const annualSpending = sumField(months, 'total_spending');
-  const annualSurplus  = sumField(monthData, 'surplus_deficit');
+  const annualSurplus  = sumField(months, 'surplus_deficit');
+
+  // Build full 12-row table (show — for months without data)
+  const tableRows = MONTH_NAMES.map((name, i) => {
+    const row = months.find(m => m.month === i + 1) || null;
+    return { name, row };
+  });
 
   return (
     <div>
@@ -105,54 +202,71 @@ export default function AnnualOverview() {
       {loading && <p className="text-muted">Loading…</p>}
       {error && <div className="alert alert-error">Error: {error}</div>}
 
-      <div className="card" style={{ overflow: 'hidden' }}>
+      {!loading && hasData && (
-        <table className="data-table">
+        <>
-          <thead>
+          {/* Charts */}
-            <tr>
+          <div style={{ display: 'grid', gridTemplateColumns: '1fr 1fr', gap: '1.25rem', marginBottom: '1.25rem' }}>
-              <th>Month</th>
+            <div className="card card-body">
-              <th className="text-right">Income (net)</th>
+              <div className="section-title" style={{ marginBottom: '0.75rem' }}>Income vs. Spending</div>
-              <th className="text-right">Bills</th>
+              <IncomeVsSpendingChart months={months} />
-              <th className="text-right">Variable</th>
+            </div>
-              <th className="text-right">One-time</th>
+            <div className="card card-body">
-              <th className="text-right">Total Spending</th>
+              <div className="section-title" style={{ marginBottom: '0.75rem' }}>Surplus / Deficit by Month</div>
-              <th className="text-right">Surplus / Deficit</th>
+              <SurplusChart months={months} />
-            </tr>
+            </div>
-          </thead>
+          </div>
-          <tbody>
+
-            {MONTH_NAMES.map((name, i) => {
+          <div className="card card-body" style={{ marginBottom: '1.25rem' }}>
-              const row = monthData[i];
+            <div className="section-title" style={{ marginBottom: '0.75rem' }}>Variable Spending by Category</div>
-              const hasRow = row != null;
+            <StackedCategoryChart months={months} categories={categories} />
-              const surplus = hasRow ? row.surplus_deficit : null;
+          </div>
-              return (
+
-                <tr key={name}>
+          {/* Table */}
-                  <td>{name}</td>
+          <div className="card" style={{ overflow: 'hidden' }}>
-                  <td className="text-right font-tabular">{hasRow ? fmt(row.total_income) : '—'}</td>
+            <table className="data-table">
-                  <td className="text-right font-tabular">{hasRow ? fmt(row.total_bills) : '—'}</td>
+              <thead>
-                  <td className="text-right font-tabular">{hasRow ? fmt(row.total_variable) : '—'}</td>
+                <tr>
-                  <td className="text-right font-tabular">{hasRow ? fmt(row.total_one_time) : '—'}</td>
+                  <th>Month</th>
-                  <td className="text-right font-tabular">{hasRow ? fmt(row.total_spending) : '—'}</td>
+                  <th className="text-right">Income (net)</th>
-                  <td className={`text-right font-tabular ${surplusClass(surplus)}`}>
+                  <th className="text-right">Bills</th>
-                    {hasRow ? fmt(surplus) : '—'}
+                  <th className="text-right">Variable</th>
+                  <th className="text-right">One-time</th>
+                  <th className="text-right">Total Spending</th>
+                  <th className="text-right">Surplus / Deficit</th>
+                </tr>
+              </thead>
+              <tbody>
+                {tableRows.map(({ name, row }) => (
+                  <tr key={name}>
+                    <td>{name}</td>
+                    <td className="text-right font-tabular">{row ? fmt(row.income_net) : '—'}</td>
+                    <td className="text-right font-tabular">{row ? fmt(row.total_bills) : '—'}</td>
+                    <td className="text-right font-tabular">{row ? fmt(row.total_variable) : '—'}</td>
+                    <td className="text-right font-tabular">{row ? fmt(row.total_one_time) : '—'}</td>
+                    <td className="text-right font-tabular">{row ? fmt(row.total_spending) : '—'}</td>
+                    <td className={`text-right font-tabular ${row ? surplusClass(row.surplus_deficit) : ''}`}>
+                      {row ? fmt(row.surplus_deficit) : '—'}
+                    </td>
+                  </tr>
+                ))}
+              </tbody>
+              <tfoot>
+                <tr>
+                  <td className="font-bold">Total</td>
+                  <td className="text-right font-tabular">{fmt(annualIncome)}</td>
+                  <td className="text-right font-tabular">{fmt(annualBills)}</td>
+                  <td className="text-right font-tabular">{fmt(annualVariable)}</td>
+                  <td className="text-right font-tabular">{fmt(annualOneTime)}</td>
+                  <td className="text-right font-tabular">{fmt(annualSpending)}</td>
+                  <td className={`text-right font-tabular font-bold ${surplusClass(annualSurplus)}`}>
+                    {fmt(annualSurplus)}
                   </td>
                 </tr>
-              );
+              </tfoot>
-            })}
+            </table>
-          </tbody>
+          </div>
-          <tfoot>
+        </>
-            <tr>
+      )}
-              <td className="font-bold">Total</td>
-              <td className="text-right font-tabular">{hasData ? fmt(annualIncome) : '—'}</td>
-              <td className="text-right font-tabular">{hasData ? fmt(annualBills) : '—'}</td>
-              <td className="text-right font-tabular">{hasData ? fmt(annualVariable) : '—'}</td>
-              <td className="text-right font-tabular">{hasData ? fmt(annualOneTime) : '—'}</td>
-              <td className="text-right font-tabular">{hasData ? fmt(annualSpending) : '—'}</td>
-              <td className={`text-right font-tabular font-bold ${surplusClass(annualSurplus)}`}>
-                {hasData ? fmt(annualSurplus) : '—'}
-              </td>
-            </tr>
-          </tfoot>
-        </table>
-      </div>
     </div>
   );
 }

client/src/pages/MonthlySummary.jsx

@@ -1,4 +1,8 @@
 import { useState, useEffect } from 'react';
+import {
+  PieChart, Pie, Cell, Tooltip, Legend, ResponsiveContainer,
+  BarChart, Bar, XAxis, YAxis, CartesianGrid,
+} from 'recharts';
 
 const MONTH_NAMES = [
   'January', 'February', 'March', 'April', 'May', 'June',
@@ -10,6 +14,15 @@ function formatCurrency(value) {
   return '$' + num.toLocaleString('en-US', { minimumFractionDigits: 2, maximumFractionDigits: 2 });
 }
 
+function formatCurrencyShort(value) {
+  const num = parseFloat(value) || 0;
+  if (Math.abs(num) >= 1000) return '$' + (num / 1000).toFixed(1) + 'k';
+  return '$' + num.toFixed(0);
+}
+
+// Accessible palette that works in light and dark
+const PALETTE = ['#3b82f6', '#8b5cf6', '#ec4899', '#f97316', '#22c55e', '#14b8a6', '#eab308', '#64748b'];
+
 function StatCard({ label, value, valueClass }) {
   return (
     <div className="stat-card">
@@ -19,6 +32,58 @@ function StatCard({ label, value, valueClass }) {
   );
 }
 
+function SpendingDonut({ bills, variable, oneTime }) {
+  const data = [
+    { name: 'Bills', value: bills },
+    { name: 'Variable', value: variable },
+    { name: 'One-time', value: oneTime },
+  ].filter(d => d.value > 0);
+
+  if (data.length === 0) return <p className="empty-state">No spending data</p>;
+
+  return (
+    <ResponsiveContainer width="100%" height={240}>
+      <PieChart>
+        <Pie
+          data={data}
+          cx="50%"
+          cy="50%"
+          innerRadius={60}
+          outerRadius={90}
+          paddingAngle={2}
+          dataKey="value"
+        >
+          {data.map((_, i) => (
+            <Cell key={i} fill={PALETTE[i % PALETTE.length]} />
+          ))}
+        </Pie>
+        <Tooltip formatter={(val) => formatCurrency(val)} />
+        <Legend />
+      </PieChart>
+    </ResponsiveContainer>
+  );
+}
+
+function CategoryBar({ data }) {
+  if (!data || data.length === 0) return <p className="empty-state">No variable spending data</p>;
+
+  return (
+    <ResponsiveContainer width="100%" height={240}>
+      <BarChart data={data} margin={{ top: 4, right: 8, left: 8, bottom: 4 }}>
+        <CartesianGrid strokeDasharray="3 3" stroke="var(--border)" />
+        <XAxis dataKey="category" tick={{ fontSize: 11, fill: 'var(--text-muted)' }} />
+        <YAxis tickFormatter={formatCurrencyShort} tick={{ fontSize: 11, fill: 'var(--text-muted)' }} />
+        <Tooltip formatter={(val) => formatCurrency(val)} />
+        <Bar dataKey="total" name="Spending" radius={[4, 4, 0, 0]}>
+          {data.map((_, i) => (
+            <Cell key={i} fill={PALETTE[i % PALETTE.length]} />
+          ))}
+        </Bar>
+      </BarChart>
+    </ResponsiveContainer>
+  );
+}
+
 function MonthlySummary() {
   const now = new Date();
   const [year, setYear] = useState(now.getFullYear());
@@ -82,6 +147,22 @@ function MonthlySummary() {
             <StatCard label="Bills Paid" value={`${data.bills.paid_count} of ${data.bills.count}`} />
           </div>
 
+          {/* Charts row */}
+          <div style={{ display: 'grid', gridTemplateColumns: '1fr 1fr', gap: '1.25rem', marginBottom: '1.25rem' }}>
+            <div className="card card-body">
+              <div className="section-title" style={{ marginBottom: '0.75rem' }}>Spending Breakdown</div>
+              <SpendingDonut
+                bills={data.bills.planned}
+                variable={data.actuals.total}
+                oneTime={data.one_time_expenses.total}
+              />
+            </div>
+            <div className="card card-body">
+              <div className="section-title" style={{ marginBottom: '0.75rem' }}>Variable Spending by Category</div>
+              <CategoryBar data={data.actuals.by_category} />
+            </div>
+          </div>
+
           <div className="card" style={{ overflow: 'hidden' }}>
             <table className="data-table">
               <thead>

server/src/routes/summary.js

@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ router.get('/summary/monthly', async (req, res) => {
     const billsCount = billsRow.count || 0;
     const billsPaidCount = billsRow.paid_count || 0;
 
-    // Actuals aggregates
+    // Actuals aggregates + per-category breakdown
     const actualsResult = await pool.query(
       `SELECT COUNT(*)::int AS count, COALESCE(SUM(amount), 0) AS total
        FROM actuals
@@ -72,9 +72,24 @@ router.get('/summary/monthly', async (req, res) => {
       [paycheckIds]
     );
 
+    const actualsCategoryResult = await pool.query(
+      `SELECT COALESCE(ec.name, 'Uncategorized') AS category,
+              COALESCE(SUM(a.amount), 0) AS total
+       FROM actuals a
+       LEFT JOIN expense_categories ec ON ec.id = a.category_id
+       WHERE a.paycheck_id = ANY($1)
+       GROUP BY COALESCE(ec.name, 'Uncategorized')
+       ORDER BY total DESC`,
+      [paycheckIds]
+    );
+
     const actualsRow = actualsResult.rows[0];
     const actualsTotal = parseFloat(actualsRow.total) || 0;
     const actualsCount = actualsRow.count || 0;
+    const variableByCategory = actualsCategoryResult.rows.map(r => ({
+      category: r.category,
+      total: parseFloat(r.total) || 0,
+    }));
 
     // One-time expenses aggregates
     const oteResult = await pool.query(
@@ -109,6 +124,7 @@ router.get('/summary/monthly', async (req, res) => {
       actuals: {
         total: parseFloat(actualsTotal.toFixed(2)),
         count: actualsCount,
+        by_category: variableByCategory,
       },
       one_time_expenses: {
         total: parseFloat(oteTotal.toFixed(2)),
@@ -125,4 +141,125 @@ router.get('/summary/monthly', async (req, res) => {
   }
 });
 
+// GET /api/summary/annual?year=
+router.get('/summary/annual', async (req, res) => {
+  const year = parseInt(req.query.year, 10);
+  if (isNaN(year)) {
+    return res.status(400).json({ error: 'year is required' });
+  }
+
+  try {
+    // All paychecks for the year
+    const pcResult = await pool.query(
+      `SELECT id, period_month, gross, net FROM paychecks
+       WHERE period_year = $1 ORDER BY period_month`,
+      [year]
+    );
+
+    // Per-month income totals
+    const monthIncome = {};
+    for (const r of pcResult.rows) {
+      const m = r.period_month;
+      if (!monthIncome[m]) monthIncome[m] = { gross: 0, net: 0 };
+      monthIncome[m].gross += parseFloat(r.gross) || 0;
+      monthIncome[m].net   += parseFloat(r.net) || 0;
+    }
+
+    const paycheckIds = pcResult.rows.map(r => r.id);
+
+    if (paycheckIds.length === 0) {
+      return res.json({ year, months: [], categories: [] });
+    }
+
+    // Per-month bill totals
+    const billsResult = await pool.query(
+      `SELECT p.period_month,
+              COALESCE(SUM(CASE WHEN pb.amount_override IS NOT NULL THEN pb.amount_override ELSE b.amount END), 0) AS planned
+       FROM paycheck_bills pb
+       JOIN bills b ON b.id = pb.bill_id
+       JOIN paychecks p ON p.id = pb.paycheck_id
+       WHERE pb.paycheck_id = ANY($1)
+       GROUP BY p.period_month`,
+      [paycheckIds]
+    );
+
+    const monthBills = {};
+    for (const r of billsResult.rows) {
+      monthBills[r.period_month] = parseFloat(r.planned) || 0;
+    }
+
+    // Per-month one-time expense totals
+    const oteResult = await pool.query(
+      `SELECT p.period_month, COALESCE(SUM(ote.amount), 0) AS total
+       FROM one_time_expenses ote
+       JOIN paychecks p ON p.id = ote.paycheck_id
+       WHERE ote.paycheck_id = ANY($1)
+       GROUP BY p.period_month`,
+      [paycheckIds]
+    );
+
+    const monthOte = {};
+    for (const r of oteResult.rows) {
+      monthOte[r.period_month] = parseFloat(r.total) || 0;
+    }
+
+    // Per-month actuals by category
+    const actualsResult = await pool.query(
+      `SELECT p.period_month,
+              COALESCE(ec.name, 'Uncategorized') AS category,
+              COALESCE(SUM(a.amount), 0) AS total
+       FROM actuals a
+       JOIN paychecks p ON p.id = a.paycheck_id
+       LEFT JOIN expense_categories ec ON ec.id = a.category_id
+       WHERE a.paycheck_id = ANY($1)
+       GROUP BY p.period_month, COALESCE(ec.name, 'Uncategorized')
+       ORDER BY p.period_month, total DESC`,
+      [paycheckIds]
+    );
+
+    // Collect all unique categories
+    const categorySet = new Set();
+    const monthActualsByCategory = {};
+    for (const r of actualsResult.rows) {
+      const m = r.period_month;
+      categorySet.add(r.category);
+      if (!monthActualsByCategory[m]) monthActualsByCategory[m] = {};
+      monthActualsByCategory[m][r.category] = parseFloat(r.total) || 0;
+    }
+
+    const categories = [...categorySet];
+
+    // Build months array (only months with paychecks)
+    const monthSet = new Set(pcResult.rows.map(r => r.period_month));
+    const months = [...monthSet].sort((a, b) => a - b).map(m => {
+      const income    = monthIncome[m] || { gross: 0, net: 0 };
+      const bills     = monthBills[m] || 0;
+      const ote       = monthOte[m] || 0;
+      const catData   = monthActualsByCategory[m] || {};
+      const variable  = Object.values(catData).reduce((s, v) => s + v, 0);
+      const spending  = bills + variable + ote;
+
+      return {
+        month: m,
+        month_name: MONTH_NAMES[m - 1],
+        income_net: parseFloat(income.net.toFixed(2)),
+        total_bills: parseFloat(bills.toFixed(2)),
+        total_variable: parseFloat(variable.toFixed(2)),
+        total_one_time: parseFloat(ote.toFixed(2)),
+        total_spending: parseFloat(spending.toFixed(2)),
+        surplus_deficit: parseFloat((income.net - spending).toFixed(2)),
+        variable_by_category: categories.map(cat => ({
+          category: cat,
+          total: parseFloat((catData[cat] || 0).toFixed(2)),
+        })),
+      };
+    });
+
+    res.json({ year, months, categories });
+  } catch (err) {
+    console.error('GET /api/summary/annual error:', err);
+    res.status(500).json({ error: 'Failed to fetch annual summary' });
+  }
+});
+
 module.exports = router;